A Ventricular septal defect is a condition in which there is a hole in the septum (wall) that separates the right and left ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. Normally, the septal wall prevents the blood from two ventricles from mixing. With VSD, the hole in the septum allows the oxygen-rich blood from the left chamber to flow into the right side of the heart. The blood with high oxygen then gets pumped into the lungs, rather than out to the vital organs of the body. This causes the heart and lungs to work harder.

Ventricular septal defects can be classified into different types: membranous, perimembranous, supracristal (infundibular or subpulmonic) and muscular.

Membranous VSD is known to be the most common type of ventricular septal defect by far. It accounts for almost 80% of all defects. This type of VSD found in the upper section of the ventricle and It lies just below the aortic valve and tricuspid valve septal leaflet. Membranous VSD can extend into the inlet or muscular septum, which may undergo closure either by tricuspid septal leaflet tissue or prolapse of an aortic cusp. When the defect involves muscular septum, it is also commonly known as perimembranous.
Other VSDs and their prevalence –

Supracristal VSD: Also known as infundibular or outlet type VDS. It occurs in the outlet septum of the right ventricle, below the aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar valves). It is the most uncommon type of VSD and accounts for only 6% of all VSDs. However, within the Asian population it accounts for approximately 30%. The chances of aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation are more common in this as there is a lack of support of the right and/or the noncoronary cusps of the aortic valve. Supracristal VSDs defects usually do not close spontaneously.
Inlet or atrioventricular VSD: This septal defect is located near to where the blood enters the ventricles through the tricuspid and mitral valves. It is just below the inlet valves (tricuspid and mitral) in the inlet part of the septum of right ventricular. Inlet VSDs only accounts for 8% of all defects. It is usually seen in patients with Down syndrome.
Muscular VSD: Also called trabecular VSD. The hole is located in the muscular septum of the heart. The area is usually bordered by muscle in the apical, central and outlet parts of the interventricular septum. It does not involve cardiac valve. The defects/holes can be many, having a Swiss cheese like appearance. They account for up to 20% of VSDs in children. The incidence rate is lower in adults as they have a tendency to close spontaneously.

A Gerbode defect is also a sub type of ventricular septal defect, although this causes a left ventricular to right atrial shunt.

How does the VSD affect a person?

In children, a large opening in the septal wall can cause difficulties in breathing and therefore, many children with VSD are recommended for surgery to close the defect.

The infants with large septal openings may have the following symptoms:

Heavy or fast breathing
Sweating
Tiredness
Weight gain is poor
However, large VSDs in adults are not as common, but affected people experience shortness of breath. Mostly, adults have small VSDs that usually do not present symptoms as the heart and lungs are not required to work harder. But even small VSDs can occasionally lead to infection in the heart, known as endocarditis. Under physical examination, a loud heart murmur (whooshing sound) can be detected in cases of small VSDs.

Treatment options

A small VSD opening is likely to close on its own and do not need medical intervention. Medium to large VSDs can lead to serious health problems in children and treatment is required to manage the condition.

Several hospitals in India offer highly effective and successful VSD treatment to children and adults. The country being a medical hub attracts a number of patients from all around the world to avail the country’s high standard medical care facilities. The highly affordable cost of VSD surgery in India brings hope of a better life to many children and their families.

The methods to treat a VSD are following:

Medications: The doctor prescribes medicines to manage the symptoms and not actually close the opening. These include medications to:
Lower the amount of fluid in the lungs and in circulation: Medications, called diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix) are given to reduce the volume of blood that is to be pumped.

Maintain regular heartbeat: Medications such as beta blockers, including metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Inderal LA) , and digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxin Pediatric) are used for this.

Surgical treatment for VSD treatment:

This involves plugging or patching the opening in the septum between the ventricles. Specialists including cardiologists, cardio-vascular surgeons and other perform the procedure. Depending on the size of VSD, symptoms presented and overall health, the options for surgical treatment of VSD include cardiac catheterization or open-heart surgery.

Abortion pills are the best option which has proved to be one of the best options to surgical abortion. Also, women do consider this method of abortion as this is a safe and effective method that helps to end the pregnancy. Hence medical abortion is one of the methods which is been preferred by most women.

Why shall women consume the meds to have an abortion?

Abortion pills are safe to consume and this helps women to get 90%-95% effectively. If the proper schedule regarding the administration is been followed then it can help women to get the successful results of abortion. This is the process wherein women do not require to undergo any surgery and non-invasive method can be followed. This method of abortion allows you to terminate the pregnancy in a homely environment and helps to maintain privacy. This method can be followed only if the gestation period is below 63 days. More than 60% of women do willingly opt to have a medical abortion and order online abortion pills to get the pregnancy terminated.

Why not consume any of one pill from the two meds?

Most of the women prefer to have a medical abortion with th4e help of MTP kit and this kit helps women to end the pregnancy safely and effectively. Both the meds are to be used as instructed and both these meds work effectively so that they can help to end the pregnancy. One is an anti-progesterone pill and the other is the prostaglandin pill which works so that it can help women to end the pregnancy effectively. Therefore women cannot rely on to use one of them. Mifepristone though cannot help to end the pregnant effectively still it is extremely effective as this is the pill that helps to start with the process and part is responsible for ending the pregnancy.

What is the mechanism of the pills from the MTP kit?

Both these pills from MTP work effectively and help women to end the pregnancy. These abortion pills do help to break the lining of the uterus and once the uterus lining breaks it dispels the fetus from the body. Although this whole process takes the time of 2 days it helps to end the pregnancy effectively.

What are the precautionary measures that are to be taken while on the MTP kit?

The pills which are present in MTP kit are heavy med and should be used as per the instructions which are given. The following are a few measures which are to be taken.

While you are on MTP kit online do make sure that you do avoid the use of alcohol and smoke.
Do cut down the use of the meds which interact and result in side effects.
If you wish to make use of some other abortion pills then do make sure that you maintain a gap of two weeks.
Before starting the course of abortion pills do make sure that you do verify your pregnancy.
Global statistics

The world health organization is an active wing of the United Nations and this has claimed death due to unsafe abortions. The death which is caused due to unsafe practices has declined to 47 thousand from 56 thousand. As per the reports, there were 29 abortions wherein women of age group between 15-44 years old were considered in developing countries. In developed countries, there were nearly 24 women who had an abortion.

Clonazepam is also known as Klonopin and comes under the class of the benzodiazepine compound. Clonazepam is a type of tranquilizer and is used to treat problems like movement disorder (Akathisia), panic disorder, and seizures.

How does Clonazepam function?

Neurotransmitters are known as GABA play a role in a lot of different brain activities like controlling anxiety, helping incoordination, etc. These GABA neurotransmitters help the psychiatry to a great extent. GABA receptors present inside the central nervous system secrete these chemicals. Clonazepam interacts with these receptors and stimulates them to secrete more GABA neurotransmitters which in turn helps in maintaining the mental as well as physical coordination.

Things you should know before taking this Medication:

Clonazepam has a lot of uses in the field of health, but it often comes with a lot of drawbacks.

Why should you think twice before taking Clonazepam?

The side-effects of Clonazepam may sometimes have more effect than its positives. The side effects are:

If taken for a more extended period, this medicine may cause to lose of memory temporarily. Mood changes and behavior changes may also be frequent.
Your sleep cycle may get disturbed.
One of the severe after-effects of this medication may include problems in the respiratory system. You may find yourself breathing abnormally.
You may get dependent on this medication. It may become troubling when you leave medicine. Leaving the drug abruptly may cause some effects of withdrawing symptoms like headaches, depression, orientation loss, etc.

Reach your doctor without any delay in case of the existence of any of these side effects.

Preventive measures to be taken before taking Clonazepam:

You shall not buy Clonazepam without a prescription. You must get an order from a doctor before you buy this medication. Buying Clonazepam without a prescription is not safe. It may not be possible to find Clonazepam for sale as this medication is strictly available to be sold by pharmacists only. You shall not buy Clonazepam online in the USA as a drug store is the only trustable option available.

You shall not stop taking medicine without the consultation of the doctor. It might cause ill effects on your body.

It is better to find the allergies that you may have from Clonazepam; you can talk to your physician about this and find out.

Mention about your medical history to your pharmacist or doctor. You shall tell clearly about your problems if you had any sickness or have endured any issues related to breathing or about lungs, disease related to kidney, glaucoma, liver problems, any personal history of substance use disorder.

This drug is not safe for pregnant women. If you breastfeed your baby, then do not take this medicine.

Intake of Clonazepam:

Read carefully the guidelines that your pharmacist provides. If you have any queries, you can immediately contact your doctor or your physician about them. The medicine shall be consumed in the prescribed quantity, and not more than that. You shall also not exceed the duration of the medication. It shall be followed according to the prescription of the doctor only.

It is easy to get addicted to this medicine if you do not stick to the prescribed quantity. If you have been the victim of substance use disorder then the chances are that you might get addicted to it easily, so to lower the chances of this risk it is necessary to take this medicine in the prescribed quantity.

You shall take this medicine after you eat the food. This medicine works after an hour or two, and its effect remains for between 6 to 12 hours.

I would like to introduce to you this delicious Ancient Tea from Africa, the Red Tea! This detox drink is so effective, it will help to control your hunger and shrink fat cells!

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